Following the introduction, we briefly discuss the basic definitions regarding cellular automata ca and give a brief specification of grain128 cipher in section 2. Index terms ce l u ar a tom ta ca, reversible cellular automata rca, layered cellular automata, symmetric key, encryption. Initial initial implementation of the stream cipher is done using matlab tool to analyze its functionality and security. This can be obtained by translating whole field by 1 cell along both axes. Streamciphers represent an important class of encryption hardware that target applications with tight constraints on logic gates and memory or where highthroughput is necessary. In 2006, an involutional block cipher using cellular automata was proposed. Cryptanalysis of an involutional block cipher using. A parallel blockbased encryption schema for digital images using. There are constructions where the security of the mac is proven in terms of the security definition of a block cipher. This paper deals with the cellular automata ca in cryptography for a class of block ciphers through a new block encryption algorithm based on.
A parallel encryption algorithm for block ciphers based on. Its rule is inverse permutation of the original rule. The grid can be in any finite number of dimensions. A specific construction of block ciphers using secondorder reversible cellular automata is developed, permitting to provide a flexible and dynamic ciphering structure that can be used to define a large space of possible candidates, and to explore it using the genetic algorithms operators in order to find an optimal instance of the proposed. By using these keys, we are performing encryption and decryption operation. The algorithm itself performs successive rounds of. We build a flexible block ciphering model that permit the construction of a huge space of possible instances defined each one by a finite set of elementary transition rules. This paper analyzes the insecurity of the cipher due to its conjugate property. A fast cryptosystem using reversible cellular automata said bouchkaren department of mathematics and computer science.
Rule 30 was originally suggested as a possible block cipher for use in cryptography. Realtime encryption using cellular automata by jeremy w. Show full abstract cellular automata ca in cryptography for a class of block ciphers through a new block encryption algorithm based on reversible programmable cellular. Applications of two dimensional cellular automata rules. A nonlinear cellular automata based stream cipher sandip karmakaryand dipanwita roy chowdhury indian institute of technology, kharagpur, wb, india lfsr and nfsr are the basic building blocks in almost all the state of the art stream ciphers like trivium and grain128.
Design of stream cipher for encryption of data using. However, a number of attacks are mounted on these type of ciphers. The decryption algorithm d is defined to be the inverse function of encryption, i. Encryption based on reversible secondorder cellular automata. Cellular automata are highly parallel and discrete dynamical systems, whose behaviour is completely specified in terms of a local relation. Programmable cellular automata based efficient parallel aes. Pdf cellular automata ca are highly parallel and discrete dynamical.
Cryptography reversible cellular automata block ciphers marcin seredynski. A parallel blockbased encryption schema for digital. Cryptographic properties of boolean functions defining. Security is a critical factor in every communication system in this world. Cryptography with cellular automata stephen wolfram the institute for advanced study, princeton nj 08540. The cellular automaton consists of a circular register with n cells, each having a value ai equal to 0 or i. We live in the era of information explosion and have witnessed the trend of leveraging cloudbased services for large scale content storage, processing, and distribution. At discrete time intervals, every cell spontaneously changes state based on its current state and the state of its two neighbors. The behavior complexity of ca and their parallel nature makes them interesting candidates for cryptography. Most popular and prominent block ciphers are listed below. Specifically, a classification of such cellular automata was done according to their algebraic degree, the balancedness, the resiliency, nonlinearity, the propagation criterion and the existence of nonzero linear structures.
This work provides a survey of available literature of some methodologies employed by researchers to utilize the cellular. Cryptosystems based on reversible cellular automata 1992. This paper introduces a cellular automata based chaotic encryption scheme and the results are comparable with wellknown aes block cipher algorithm. A block cipher consists of two paired algorithms, one for encryption, e, and the other for decryption, d. Abstract this paper presents the design of a private key algorithm based on 2dimensional cellular automata. November 1985 extended abstract this abstract discusses a stream cipher based on a simple onedimensional cellular automaton. Many cellular automaton blockciphers have been proposed using reversible cellular automatons, but with a specific operation mode designed to handle blockencryption enchainment since standardized operation modes have not been yet used with cas based cryptosystems. Enhancing image security using chaotic map and block cipher. A cellular automaton is reversible if, for every current configuration of the cellular automaton, there is exactly one past configuration. The given paper is devoted to the software development of block cipher based on reversible onedimensional cellular automata and the study of their statistical. It is now considered as a broken block cipher, due primarily to its small key size.
An efficient key generation using cellular automata for. A cellular automata based partition ciphering system. Based on ca state transitions certain fundamental transformations are. The cellular automaton consists of a circular register with n cells, each having a value ai equal to o or i. Citeseerx block cipher based on reversible cellular automata. Two dimensional cellular automata are used for random number generation.
Block cipher based on reverse cellular automata reverse cellular automata ca is reversible if its map is invertible rule 15 retrograde and 180 degree rotation rule 85 let 1 0. A selfinvertible cabased structure allows for an efficient hardware implementation. Cellular automata have found application in various areas, including physics, theoretical biology and microstructure. Cryptography, wmsn, cellular automata, reversible cellular automata, kamar, feistel block cipher, key scheduling algorithm, fpga. Fpga implementation of cellular automata based stream. Block cipher based on reversible cellular automata citeseerx. Keywords cryptography, reversible cellular automata, block ciphers. Complexity of the behavior achieved by ca and its parallel nature makes them interesting from point of view of cryptography. In 10 an authenticated image encryption scheme based on chaotic maps and memory cellular automata mca has been proposed. Blockcipher based vs hash based mac cryptography stack.
Introduction over the past two decades cryptographic. This encryption and decryption algorithm for block cipher based on the linear and nonlinear cellular automata rules. We propose the use of reversible cellular automata rca as efficient encryption and decryption devices. Cellular automata, linearnonlinear feedback shift register, stream cipher, pseudo random number generator. Pattnaik, application of cellular automata in symmetric key cryptography, 2014 international conference on communication and signal processing.
We propose a new encryption algorithm relying on reversible cellular automata ca. The efficiency is due to their inherent parallelism. A class of ca with ruler specifically constructed to be reversible is used. Cellular automata based on block cipher and road traffic model.
This paper deals with the theory and application of cellular automata ca for a class of block ciphers and stream ciphers. This paper focuses on security analysis of the scheme 10 and reports the. Reverse iterative image encryption scheme using 8layer. Data encryption based on multigranularity reversible. Cryptography reversible cellular automata block ciphers. The quality of encryption depends en the type of ruler used, and randomness of the numbers used in the process of. The proposed algorithm belongs to the class of symmetric key systems based on block cipher. Both block and stream ciphers have a lot of overlap in what theyre good for, and both can be used for continuousunknown length data streams. Cryptanalysis of an authenticated image encryption scheme. Investigations of cellular automatabased stream ciphers.
A wide family of nonlinear sequence generators, the socalled clockcontrolled shrinking generators, has been analyzed and identified with a subset of linear cellular automata. Security analysis of nocas is studied in section 4. A parallel encryption algorithm for block ciphers based on reversible programmable cellular automata. In this paper, we present a novel cryptosystem based on reversible secondorder cellular automata. Block cipher based on reversible cellular automata springerlink. Applications of two dimensional cellular automata rules for block cipherin cryptography special issue of ijcct vol. It consists of a regular grid of cells, each in one of a finite number of states, such as on and off. Ca based aes advanced encryption system,as aes is the most popular security package. Pdf block cipher based on reversible cellular automata. The remaining part of the paper is organized as follows. Despite its age, most modern cryptographic techniques are based on advances made in. The given paper is devoted to the software development of block cipher based on reversible onedimensional cellular automata and the study. The values are updated synchronously in discrete time steps according to the rule. Cryptography with cellular automata 1986 this abstract discusses a stream cipher based on a simple onedimensional cellular automaton.
Abstract the paper presents a new encryption algorithm based on one dimensional, uniform and reversible cellular automata ca. They can be used both as classical secretkey cryptosystems and as publickey systems. In all of wolframs elementary cellular automata, an infinite onedimensional array of cellular automaton cells with only two states is considered, with each cell in some initial state. The cryptosystem is featured by its large key space and high speed due to cellular automatas parallel information processing property. Timeinverted block cellular automaton is also block cellular automaton of the same kind.
Many cellular automaton blockciphers have been proposed using reversible. Cryptography with cellular automata stephen wolfram. Encryption system using reversible cellular automata. Existing cabased approaches are almost all sequential and as a result, the.
In decryption, we have xor module, reverse bit permutation, non reversible. A rudimentary idea of this work, without taking into account the proper key scheduling and security analysis, has been presented in 26. Abstract we introduce a new encryption algorithm based on reversible cellular automata ca. In cellular automata, we have different rules based on each rule we generate the random key for each round. In this paper and another papers 4, 5 application of cellular automata results in high security, low computational complexity and large key space. In the case of the block cipher, the message is split into successive. The image of any dimension should be the input of this algorithm. New possibilities for cellular automata in cryptography.
A class of ca with rules specifically constructed to be reversible is used. Ca is a discrete model studied in computability theory, mathematics, physics, theoretical biology and microstructure modeling. Cryptography is a field of major scientific and technical. In encryption, we have xor module, bit permutation, non reversible cellular automata. Novel and efficient cellular automata based symmetric key. The algorithm that converts the given generator into a linear model based on automata is very simple and can be applied in a range of practical interest. The work presents a new encryption algorithm based on one dimensional, uniform and reversible cellular automata ca. Trivium cipher is a hardware oriented estream nalist inapplicability of fault attacks against trivium on a cellular automata based stream cipher was shown in acri 2014 2 jimmy jose, d roy chowdhury iit kgp fresca september 5, 2016 3 36. A genetic strategy to design cellular automata based block. A novel encryption system using layered cellular automata. We propose an evolutionary computation approach to design a fast and secure block cipher using nonuniform secondorder cellular automata. The proposed stream cipher is composed of five different blocks. Block cipher based on reversible cellular automata. The proposed block cipher is simpler to implement in both hardware and software, along with being resistant against timing.
This cipher is found to be suitable to address the criteria involved in avalanche property. There is a vast number of block ciphers schemes that are in use. A reversible cellular automaton is the one that has got exactly one past configuration also called preimage for every current configuration. A fast cryptosystem using reversible cellular automata. Pdf block encryption using reversible cellular automata. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. First we convert the whole image into pixels that is taken as an input plain text. In this work, the algebraic properties of the local transition functions of elementary cellular automata eca were analysed. This paper deals with the cellular automata ca in cryptography for a class of block ciphers through a new block encryption algorithm based on reversible programmable cellular automata theory. The fantastic combinations of john conways new solitaire game life. However, excessive communication requirements act as a trade off problem for this method. This means as long as the block cipher is secure, the mac will be secure. Block cipher based on reversible cellular automata article pdf available in new generation computing 233.
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